章:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1:1 扫罗死后,大卫击杀亚玛力人回来,在洗革拉住了两天。
Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;
1:2 第三天,有一人从扫罗的营里出来,衣服撕裂,头蒙灰尘,到大卫面前伏地叩拜。
It came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance.
1:3 大卫问他说,你从哪里来。他说,我从以色列的营里逃来。
And David said unto him, From whence comest thou? And he said unto him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped.
1:4 大卫又问他说,事情怎样。请你告诉我。他回答说,百姓从阵上逃跑,也有许多人仆倒死亡。扫罗和他儿子约拿单也死了。
And David said unto him, How went the matter? I pray thee, tell me. And he answered, That the people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.
1:5 大卫问报信的少年人说,你怎吗知道扫罗和他儿子约拿单死了呢。
And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead?
1:6 报信的少年人说,我偶然到基利波山,看见扫罗伏在自己枪上,有战车,马兵紧紧地追他。
And the young man that told him said, As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed hard after him.
1:7 他回头看见我,就呼叫我。我说,我在这里。
And when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me. And I answered, Here am I.
1:8 他问我说,你是什么人。我说,我是亚玛力人。
And he said unto me, Who art thou? And I answered him, I am an Amalekite.
1:9 他说,请你来,将我杀死。因为痛苦抓住我,我的生命尚存。
He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: for anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me.
1:10 我准知他仆倒必不能活,就去将他杀死,把他头上的冠冕,臂上的镯子拿到我主这里。
So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen: and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord.
1:11 大卫就撕裂衣服,跟随他的人也是如此,
Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent them; and likewise all the men that were with him:
1:12 而且悲哀哭号,禁食到晚上,是因扫罗和他儿子约拿单,并耶和华的民以色列家的人,倒在刀下。
And they mourned, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.
1:13 大卫问报信的少年人说,你是哪里的人。他说,我是亚玛力客人的儿子。
And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite.
1:14 大卫说,你伸手杀害耶和华的受膏者,怎吗不畏惧呢。
And David said unto him, How wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand to destroy the LORD’s anointed?
1:15 大卫叫了一个少年人来,说,你去杀他吧。
And David called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died.
1:16 大卫对他说,你流人血的罪归到自己的头上,因为你亲口作见证说,我杀了耶和华的受膏者。少年人就把他杀了。
And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD’s anointed.
1:17 大卫作哀歌,吊扫罗和他儿子约拿单,
And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son:
1:18 且吩咐将这歌教导犹大人。这歌名叫弓歌,写在雅煞珥书上。
(Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.)
1:19 歌中说,以色列阿,你尊荣者在山上被杀。大英雄何竟死亡。
The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen!
1:20 不要在迦特报告。不要在亚实基伦街上传扬。免得非利士的女子欢乐。免得未受割礼之人的女子矜夸。
Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
1:21 基利波山哪,愿你那里没有雨露。愿你田地无土产可作供物。因为英雄的盾牌在那里被污丢弃。扫罗的盾牌彷佛未曾抹油。
Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil.
1:22 约拿单的弓箭非流敌人的血不退缩。扫罗的刀剑非剖勇士的油不收回。
From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.
1:23 扫罗和约拿单,活时相悦相爱,死时也不分离。他们比鹰更快,比狮子还强。
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.
1:24 以色列的女子阿,当为扫罗哭号。他曾使你们穿朱红色的美衣,使你们衣服有黄金的妆饰。
Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel.
1:25 英雄何竟在阵上仆倒。约拿单何竟在山上被杀。
How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places.
1:26 我兄约拿单哪,我为你悲伤。我甚喜悦你。你向我发的爱情奇妙非常,过于妇女的爱情。
I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.
1:27 英雄何竟仆倒。战具何竟灭没。
How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!
撒母耳记下1参考
艰苦的磨炼可以预备人去承担重任,神在风雨中磨砺大卫,我如何在风雨中预备自己?
1:1 大卫是对神大有信心的人,他等候神成全他的应许。撒母耳记上叙述了大卫在等候作以色列王的时候,种种的挣扎和遭遇(撒母耳在多年以前,已经膏他作以色列的王了)。百姓歌颂他的成就,使扫罗王对他生出嫉妒想要杀他,大卫只得逃亡到仇敌非利士境内并耶路撒冷的东面和南面一带,在荒凉旷野藏匿多年。他可能知道神应许他作王,只是不知何时可以实现,然而艰苦奋斗的磨炼使他以后能负起重大的责任。撒母耳记下讲述大卫因恒心忍耐,对神的信心始终如一,终于蒙神赏赐。
大卫为何会留在洗革拉?
1:1 扫罗驾崩时,大卫和跟随他的人仍住在非利士的城洗革拉。因为扫罗追杀,大卫被迫出境,向非利士人的一个首领亚吉王假意投诚(参撒上27章),以免受扫罗追杀的威胁。
泪水,很多时是化解悲恸的良方……
1:11-12 大卫和跟随他的人“悲哀、号哭,而且禁食到晚上”,他们对扫罗的死亡极其震惊,为失去君王、良友约拿单和在那天阵亡的以色列众战士,他们衷心哀悼,并不以哀伤为耻。如今有些人以为流露情感是软弱的表现,为要显得坚强,总设法隐藏自己的感情。但是在我们所爱的人死去以后大大悲恸,反而有助于节哀顺变,免得过于忧伤。
有时候用一些欺瞒的手段,好像能得到更多利益,事实却不然,看那少年──
1:13 向大卫报信之人,自称是扫罗营中的亚玛力人(1:2)。他可能是以色列所辖境内的亚玛力人,但更可能是到战场捡拾遗物的人。他对于自己的身分与战场上发生的事,显然都撒了谎。(比较他所讲述的与撒上31:3-4的记述。)他带来扫罗的冠冕,而这样重要的东西非利士人断不会轻易留下的,所以我们可以推断,他一定在非利士人到达以前就见到扫罗阵亡了(参撒上31:8)。
欺诈必招灾祸。报信者撒谎说他杀死了大卫的对头,想得到赏赐,但他误解了大卫的为人,如果大卫因他杀死君王而赏赐他,就与他的罪有分了,因此大卫吩咐人将他杀死。谎言令撒谎者遭灾害,即使他没有做过谎言中的恶事,也难逃罪责。
亚玛力人不是以色列人的仇敌吗?这个少年人为甚么称自己是亚玛力人?
1:13 亚玛力人是强悍的游牧部族,常突袭迦南人的村落,自从摩西时代他们就是以色列人的宿敌。大卫刚刚消灭了亚玛力人的一支部队,因为他们焚掠洗革拉城,掳去那里的妇女孩童(参撒上30:1-20)。报信的人可能不晓得大卫新近与亚玛力人的争战,不然的话,他就不会来见大卫。他没想到自己是以色列人的仇敌,还口口声声说杀了神所拣选的君王,惹来大卫的震怒。
为政者有其本分,但作臣民者亦有当尽的义……
1:15-16 扫罗是大卫的仇敌,大卫为甚么还以杀害这君王的人为有罪呢?因为他相信神膏立扫罗为王,也只有神能革除他的王位。弑君若是无关痛痒的平常事,整个社会就会分崩离析。刑罚扫罗的罪乃是神的工作,并非大卫的本分(参利19:18)。我们必须认识神设立掌权的管理我们,尊重他们的位分是应当的(参罗13:1-5)。
雅煞珥书是古代赞美英雄的诗歌集,大卫透过这首挽歌表达了甚么心声?
1:17-18 大卫是富才华的音乐家,他曾弹琴驱魔(参撒上16:23),是把音乐带入圣殿敬拜之中的人(参代上25),还写了许多诗篇。在这一章中,他写了一首哀歌,悼念扫罗和他的儿子约拿单──他最亲密的朋友。在以色列人的历史之中,音乐是非常重要的。(圣经中其他著名的诗歌,见出15的图表。)
仇恨容易使人对别人心存偏见,在我心中是否对某人有难以释怀的歧见?
1:17-27 扫罗曾使大卫饱受痛苦,不过在他和众子死后,大卫仍然为他们谱写哀歌。大卫有充分的理由憎恨扫罗,却不怨不怒,宁愿隐恶扬善,只欣赏扫罗的德政,而不计较扫罗对他的攻击。把仇恨与伤害放在一边,尊重别人乃至仇敌的可称赞之处,实在需要很大的勇气。
大卫与约拿单之间的情谊是……
1:26 大卫说约拿单对他的爱“过于妇女的爱情”,并没有同性恋的意思。在以色列人中,神禁绝同性恋的行为,利未记称同性恋(与男人苟合)为“可憎恶的”事,并下令将行这事的人处死(参利18:22;20:13)。大卫只是重述他与约拿单之间深切的弟兄之爱,彼此间忠信的友谊(参撒上18:1-4的注释)。